Transparent data encryption for the 生产化制图 (Production Mapping) workspace in Oracle (Production Mapping)

可采取多种预防措施来协助保护数据库安全，例如设计安全系统、加密机密资产以及在数据库服务器周围建立防火墙。但如果物理介质（如驱动器或备份磁带）被盗，则恶意方可以恢复或附加数据库并浏览数据。一种解决方案是对数据库中的敏感数据进行加密，并通过一个证书来保护用于加密数据的密钥。这样便可防止任何没有密钥的用户使用该数据，但此种保护必须提前计划。

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enables you to encrypt sensitive data, such as credit card numbers, stored in tables and tablespaces. Encrypted data is transparently decrypted for a database user or application that has access to data. TDE helps protect data stored on media in the event that the storage media or data file is stolen. Oracle uses authentication, authorization, and auditing mechanisms to secure data in the database but not in the operating system data files where data is stored. To protect these data files, Oracle provides TDE. TDE encrypts sensitive data stored in data files. To prevent unauthorized decryption, TDE stores the encryption keys in a security module external to the database.

With Oracle, new tablespaces can be defined as encrypted. Defining a tablespace as encrypted means the physical data files created on the operating system will be encrypted. Any tables, indexes, and other objects defined in the new tablespace will be encrypted by default, with no additional storage space requirements. Data is automatically encrypted when it is written to disk and automatically decrypted when accessed by the application.

Benefits of using TDE:

• As a security administrator, you can be sure that sensitive data is safe in case the storage media or data file is stolen.
• Implementing TDE helps you address security-related regulatory compliance issues.
• You do not need to create triggers or views to decrypt data for the authorized user or application. Data from tables is transparently decrypted for the database user and application.
• Database users and applications need not be aware that the data they are accessing is stored in encrypted form. Data is transparently decrypted for the database users and applications.
• Applications need not be modified to handle encrypted data. Data encryption and decryption are managed by the database.
• Key management operations are automated. The user or application does not need to manage encryption keys.

See Oracle documentation for more information on configuring TDE tablespace encryption.

To use TDE, follow one of these methods.

Configuring TDE Oracle Enterprise Manager

The following steps show how to configure TDE using Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM).

注:

Copying and pasting the examples may cause syntax errors.

步骤:

1. Create the wallet folder.

   mkdir C:\oracle\admin\wallets
   
   OEM > login as sys / sysdba
   
   OEM > Server > Transparent Data Encryption
   
   Advanced Options > Change Location
   
   	Host Credentials
   	Username: <DOMAIN>\dbs_ora
   	Password: xxxxxxx
   
   	Configuration Method: File System
   	
   	Encryption Wallet Directory: C:\oracle\admin\wallets
   
   	OK
   
   Create Wallet > Local Auto-Open Wallet > Create
   
   	Host Credentials
   	Username: <DOMAIN>\dbs_ora
   	Password: xxxxxxx
   
   	Wallet Password:  walletadmin
   
   	Continue
   

2. Back up the wallet folder.

   cd C:\oracle\admin
   
   zip -r wallets wallets
   

Configure TDE manually

The following steps show how to manually configure TDE.

注:

Copying and pasting the examples may cause syntax errors.

步骤:

1. From the command window, create the wallet folder.

   mkdir C:\oracle\admin\wallets
   

2. Add the wallet location to the sqlnet.ora file.

   ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION =
     (SOURCE =
       (METHOD = FILE)
       (METHOD_DATA =
         (DIRECTORY = C:\oracle\admin\wallets\$ORACLE_SID)
   

   注:

   The default encryption wallet location is $ORACLE_BASE/admin/<global_db_name>/wallet. If you want to allow Oracle to manage a wallet in the default location, there is no need to set the ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION parameter in the sqlnet.ora file.

3. Using Oracle SQL Plus or Oracle SQL Developer, generate a master key.

   alter system set encryption key identified by "walletadmin";
   

4. Using Oracle SQL Plus or Oracle SQL Developer, verify the status of the wallet.

   select * from "v$encryption_wallet";
   

5. From the command window, set the wallet to auto login.

   set ORACLE_SID=pmdb
   
   orapki wallet create -wallet C:\oracle\admin\wallets -auto_login -pwd walletadmin
   

6. From the command window, back up the wallet folder.

   cd C:\oracle\admin
   
   zip -r wallets wallets