Line Of Sight (3D Analyst)
Summary
Determines the visibility of sight lines over obstructions consisting of a surface and an optional multipatch dataset.
Illustration
Usage
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Only the endpoints of the input line are used to define the observer and target. Sight lines should be straight lines comprised of two vertices representing the observation point and the target location for which visibility is determined.
Consider creating sight lines with the Construct Sight Lines tool if the observer location is identified by point features and the visibility targets reside in a different feature class.
Output lines will be divided along visible and invisible portions of the input sight line. If only a surface is used to determine sight line visibility, the output lines will follow the surface profile. If a multipatch feature is provided when calculating line of sight, the output lines will follow the trajectory of the input sight lines.
The output line feature's attribute table contains the following fields:
- SourceOID—The unique ID of the line feature used in calculating visibility.
- VisCode—The visibility along the line. A value of 1 indicates visible, and a value of 2 indicates not visible. This field will only exist if the output geometry is a line.
- TarIsVis—The target visibility along the line. A value of 1 indicates visible, and a value of 0 indicates not visible. This field will only exist if the output geometry is a line.
- OBSTR_MPID—The unique ID of the multipatch that obstructs the line of sight. If no multipatch obstructs the line of sight, then the field contains a value of -1 or -9999. If the target is obstructed by the surface, the value will be -1. If the target is visible, the value will be -9999.
Syntax
| Parameter | Explanation | Data Type |
in_surface |
The LAS dataset, raster, TIN, or terrain surface used in determining visibility. | LAS Dataset Layer; Raster Layer; Terrain Layer; TIN Layer |
in_line_feature_class |
The line features whose first vertex defines the observation point and last vertex identifies the target location. Height of the observation and target locations are obtained from the z-values of 3D features and interpolated from the surface for 2D features. 2D lines also have a default offset of 1 added to their elevation to raise the points above the surface. If the feature has an OffsetA field, its value will be added to the height of the observation point. If the OffsetB field is present, its value will be added to the height of the target position. | Feature Layer |
out_los_feature_class |
The output line feature class along which visibility has been determined. Two attribute fields are created. VisCode indicates visibility along the line, 1 being visible and 2 not visible. TarIsVis indicates the target visibility, 0 being not visible and 1 being visible. | Feature Class |
out_obstruction_feature_class (Optional) |
An optional point feature class identifying the location of the first obstruction on the observer's sight line to its target. | Feature Class |
use_curvature (Optional) |
Indicates whether the earth's curvature should be taken into consideration for the line-of-sight analysis. For this option to be enabled, the surface needs to have a defined spatial reference in projected coordinates with defined z-units.
| Boolean |
use_refraction (Optional) |
Indicates whether atmospheric refraction should be taken into consideration when generating a line of sight from a functional surface. This option does not apply if multipatch features are used.
| Boolean |
refraction_factor (Optional) |
Provides a value to be used in the refraction factor. The default refraction factor is 0.13. | Double |
pyramid_level_resolution (Optional) |
The z-tolerance or window-size resolution of the terrain pyramid level that will be used by this tool. The default is 0, or full resolution. | Double |
in_features (Optional) |
A multipatch feature that may define additional obstructing elements, such as buildings. Refraction options are not honored for this input. | Feature Layer |
Code Sample
The following sample demonstrates the use of this tool in the Python window:
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("3D")
env.workspace = "C:/data"
arcpy.LineOfSight_3d("tin", "line.shp", "los.shp", "buldings_multipatch.shp",
"obstruction.shp")
The following sample demonstrates the use of this tool in a stand-alone Python script:
'''*********************************************************************
Name: Sight Line Visibility of Parade Path
Description: This script demonstrates how to create a sight line feature class
from a pair of observer and target points.
*********************************************************************'''
# Import system modules
import arcpy
import exceptions, sys, traceback
from arcpy import env
try:
# Checking out 3D Analyst Extension:
arcpy.CheckOutExtension('3D')
# Set Local Variables:
env.workspace = 'C:/data'
# Setting up input and output variables:
obs = "observer_pts.shp"
tar = "parade_path.shp"
sightlines = "output_sightlines.shp"
height = "<None>"
join_field = "#"
sampling = 0.5
direction = "OUTPUT_THE_DIRECTION"
surface = 'elevation.tif'
bldgs = 'buildings.shp'
arcpy.AddMessage("Building sightlines...")
arcpy.ddd.ConstructSightLines(obs, tar, sightlines, height, height,
join_field, sampling, direction)
arcpy.ddd.LineOfSight(surface, sightlines, "Parade_LOS.shp",
"Obstructions.shp", in_features=bldgs)
arcpy.GetMessages(0)
arcpy.CheckInExtension("3D")
except arcpy.ExecuteError:
print arcpy.GetMessages()
except:
# Get the traceback object
tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
tbinfo = traceback.format_tb(tb)[0]
# Concatenate error information into message string
pymsg = 'PYTHON ERRORS:\nTraceback info:\n{0}\nError Info:\n{1}'\
.format(tbinfo, str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
msgs = 'ArcPy ERRORS:\n {0}\n'.format(arcpy.GetMessages(2))
# Return python error messages for script tool or Python Window
arcpy.AddError(pymsg)
arcpy.AddError(msgs)