Identifying local outliers using the Semivariogram/Covariance Cloud tool

The Semivariogram/Covariance Cloud tool is useful for detecting local outliers. They appear as points that are close together (low values on the x-axis) but are high on the y-axis, indicating that the two points making up that pair have very different values. This is contrary to what you would expect—namely, that points that are close together have similar values.

Steps:

1. Click the point or polygon feature layer in the ArcMap table of contents that you want to explore.
2. Click the Geostatistical Analyst drop-down menu on the Geostatistical Analyst toolbar, click Explore Data, then click Semivariogram/Covariance Cloud.